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The city of refuge was a special city that God commanded the Israelites in the Old Testament, a place of refuge where **those who accidentally killed someone (accidental manslaughter)** could flee to protect their lives from the avenger of blood.
1. Background and purpose of the city of refuge system
In ancient Israelite society, there was a system of ‘the avenger of blood (go’el).’ If a family member was killed, the closest relative could take revenge, and in the process, even the person who accidentally killed someone could become a victim of revenge.
God provided the city of refuge so that those who accidentally killed someone would not lose their lives unjustly. Those who entered the city of refuge were protected and stayed there until they were tried or until the death of the high priest at the time.
2. Location and structure of the city of refuge
Six cities of refuge were designated throughout Israel. Three cities were built on the east (Bezer, Ramoth-Gilead, Golan) and west (Hebron, Shechem, Kedesh) of the Jordan River.
They were located in the center of each tribe so that everyone could reach them in one day, and the roads to the cities of refuge were wide and well-paved, and signs were clearly installed so that anyone could easily find them.
3. Procedures and regulations in the cities of refuge
A person who accidentally killed someone had to explain his case to the elders at the gate of the city of refuge, and the elders accepted and protected him.
While staying in the city of refuge, he was tried, and if it was found to be intentional murder, he was not protected. If it was found to be negligent, he stayed in the city of refuge until the death of the high priest, and then he was free to return to his hometown.
If he left the city of refuge, he was not held accountable even if he was killed by the avenger of blood.
4. Theological and spiritual significance of the cities of refuge
The system of cities of refuge reveals God's justice and love, and the dignity of human life. It was a device to prevent the vicious cycle of revenge and to guarantee a fair trial opportunity for sin.
In the New Testament interpretation, it symbolizes Jesus Christ as the true city of refuge for sinners. It is interpreted in the gospel meaning that anyone who takes refuge in Jesus is protected from the threat of sin and death and receives forgiveness and salvation.
5. Summary
The cities of refuge are six cities of refuge that God provided in Israel to protect those who accidentally killed someone.
The cities of refuge were placed so that anyone could easily access them, and protection was guaranteed only within them.
This system is also interpreted as a symbol of God's justice and love, and salvation through Jesus Christ in the New Testament.
The cities of refuge were places to escape the vicious cycle of sin, mistakes, and revenge and experience God's mercy and justice.
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